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Prehistory of the Florentine Ghetto:
Highlights from MAGISTRATO SUPREMO 4450
PROCESSO CONTRA LI EBREI CHE NEL DOMINIO DI SUA ALTEZZA STAVANO ET HABITIVANO DICONO CHE HOGI E' STATO LORO PROHIBITO, 1570

(Proceedings Against the Jews Who in the Past Stayed and Lived in His Highness's Dominion, Which Is Now Forbidden to them)

· p.1--From Carlo Pitti to Grand Duke Cosimo I, cover letter to "Decree and General Edict Regarding the Jews who presently live in the Florentine Dominion." (dated 26 September 1570)

· p.2--"Decree and General Edict Regarding the Jews who presently live in the Florentine Dominion": enumerating the various transgressions of Jews in Florentine territory and restricting Jewish settlement to the city of Florence. (dated 28 September 1570)

· pp.9-13--Carlo Pitti's report to Cosimo I on his investigation of the behavior of Jews in Tuscany. (dated 13 August 1570)

· p.15--Record of appearance before the Magistrato Supremo of Agnolo, son of Vitale, banking agent in Monterchi. Reference (p.19) to Samuel, son of Manuello "head of the bank in Monterchi." (dated 24 July 1570)

· p.20--Record of appearance before the Magistrato Supremo of Joseph, son of Leone, from Fano, representative of the bank in Pescia. (dated 22 July 1570)

· p.27--Record of appearance before the Magistrato Supremo of Davit, son of Raffaello da Reggio, agent and chief administrator of Benvegnita Abravanel's bank in San Giovanni Valdarno, (dated 20 July 1570)

· p.31--Record of appearance before the Magistrato Supremo of Davit Sforno da Bologna, agent and principal administrator of Benvegnita Abravanel's bank in Pescia. (dated 20 July 1570)

· p.34--Record of appearance before the Magistrato Supremo of Laudadio, son of Abramo da Pisa, a partner in banks in Pescia, Empoli and San Giovanni Valdarno. (dated 19 July 1570)

· p.37--Record of appearance before the Magistrato Supremo of Lione, son of Abramo da Pisa, a partner in banks in Pescia, Empoli and San Giovanni Valdarno. (dated 19 July 1570)

· p.42--Record of appearance before the Magistrato Supremo of Sabato, son of Amaddio da Correggio, regarding his banking activity in Prato. (dated 19 July 1570)

· pp.47-48--Record of appearances before the Luogotenente of the Magistrato Supremo of Leone, son of Abramo and Guglielmo Bastiano da Volterra, regarding his banking activity in Pescia. (dated 29 July 1570)

· [p·51-144--DEPOSITIONS FROM DIVERSE LOCALITIES IN TUSCANY REGARDING THE ACTIVITY AND BEHAVIOR OF JEWS.]

· p.51--Various depositions regarding the activity and behavior of Jews in Pescia. (July 1570)

· p.63-Various depositions regarding the activity and behavior of Jews in Empoli. (July 1570)

· p.85--Various depositions regarding the activity and behavior of Jews in Prato. (August 1570)

· [p.97 and following--CENSUS REPORTS ON THE JEWISH POPULATION IN TUSCANY, BROKEN DOWN BY LOCALITY AND HOUSEHOLE]

· p.97--Census of Jewish inhabitants in Pescia (total 32.) (dated 17 July 1570)

· p.100--Census of Jewish inhabitants in Pontedera (tota146.) (dated 22 July 1570)

· p.104--Census of Jewish inhabitants in Volterra (total 13) and Ripomerance (total 12.) (15 July 1570)

· p.113-Census of Jewish inhabitants in Empoli (tota142.) (dated 16 July 1570)

· p.115--Census of Jewish inhabitants in Prato (tota142.) (dated 5 July 1570)

· p.118--Census of Jewish inhabitants in San Giovanni Valdarno (total 33.) (dated 15 July 1570)

· p.126--Census of Jewish inhabitants in Castrocaro (total 29.) (dated 15 July 1570)

· p.128--Census of Jewish inhabitants in Monte Sansavino (total 45.) (12 July 1570)

· p.142--Census of Jewish inhabitants in the Casentino--Poppi (total 27) and Bibiena (total 9.) (dated 14 August 1570)

· p.144--Census of Jewish inhabitants in Castiglione Fiorentino (total 32.) (dated 7 August 1570)

· p.145-148--Letter from Carlo Pitti to Grand Duke Cosimo I, listing complaints against the Jews and recommending that their right to lend money at interest be revoked. (dated 8 August 1570)

· p.153--Discourse by Lodovico Martelli, stating the reasons for expelling the Jews from Tuscany, or at least for "enclosing them in a separate and carefully guarded place." (dated 9 July 1570)

· p.159-160--Copy of decree banning Jewish usury in Florence. (dated 1405)

· p.181-62--Copy of decree expelling all Jews from Florentine territory. (7 June 1527)

· pp.163-168--Copy of constitution of the Florentine "Monte di Pieta " founded to combat Jewish usury. (dated 21 December 1495)

· pp.169--Manuscript copy of printed edict outlawing usury by both Christians and Jews. (undated)

· pp.171--Article 13 from the constitution of the "Monte di Pieta" in Perugia, founded to combat the oppression of poor Christians by Jewish usurers. (1462)

· p.178--Table of compound interest at 30% on 100 florins, demonstrating the immense profit that Jews derive from usury.

· p.179-180-- Census of all Jews in the Grand Dukedom of Tuscany: TOTAL 795

· p.181--Census of Jews in Florence, noting 68 permanent residents in designated Jewish households plus 18 others, in boarding houses or Christian premises (TOTAL 86.)

· p.184--Guglielmo di Francesco di Bartholo accuses a Jewish usurer in Castel San Giovanni of refusing to return clothing pledged by a poor Christian woman. (dated 21 July 1570)

· p.198--A list of Christian women who have worked for Jews in San Giovanni Valdarno. (dated 8 August 1570)

· pp.200-270--Various accusations against the Jews, mostly for usury. (1568-1571)

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© 1999 by The Medici Archive Project